Two primary principles contribute to the creation of lift, which iswhat makes flight possible. Those two principles are Bernoulli'sPrinciple and Newton's Third Law. Let's break it down and look ateach principle individually.

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Bernoulli's Principle By definition, Bernoulli's Principle states: or an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluidoccurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. From a practical standpoint, this basically means that as a fluid(air, water, etc) moves faster, it's internal pressure decreases. But how does this help an airplane create lift? Well, let's think about this.

Picture an airplane's wing - but cutin half so we can see the shape of it (referred to as an airfoil ). The top of the wing is more curved than that ofthe bottom of the wing. The reasoning behind this is that theincreased curvature on top of the wing will take advantage ofsomething called magnus effect. Magnus effect? What the heck is that? Well - before we continuelet's define magnus effect in a nutshell. I'll do this through anexample.

Close your eyes and envision a baseball game. How does thepitcher get the ball to move in a desired direction? He or she cancurve the direction of the ball's flight left, right, down, or evenup if desired. Well, magnus effect states that a rotating ball or cylinder movingthrough a fluid (air, water, etc) will create faster moving fluidin the direction of rotation, thus lowering pressure and 'pulling'the ball or cylinder in that direction. This force is not createdwhen the object is stationary, which is why a baseball pitcher putsa 'spin' on the ball when he or she wants a curveball.

Phew - okay, so back to our discussion on the wing. So we know thetop of the wing is more curved than the bottom.

But how does thathave anything to do with magnus effect? Basically, the shaping ofthe wing 'fools' the air around it into thinking it is a longrotation cylinder, and forces the air to travel faster over the topof the wing than that of the bottom.

And according to Bernoulli'sPrinciple, faster moving air = lower pressure. If we have lowerpressure on top of the wing than we do on the bottom of the wing,we now have an inequality of pressures acting on the wing.

There ismore pressure pushing up on the bottom of the wing than there is onthe top pushing down, which means we now have a total net forcepushing UP. We have LIFT.

With real airplanes and airplane models, Bernoulli's Principle(related to the curvature of the wing) and the magnus effect havevery little to do with 'flying'. If what the author says were true- real airplanes could not fly upside down. But if you have everseen an air show -- you know real, powered planes regularly flyupside down in air shows. Almost all of the lift created on the underside of a wing iscreated as (A) the underside of the wing is blasted by the airrushing past the wing -- because the airplane engine is pulling theairplane very fast through the air and (B) the plane's geometricalconfiguration is holding the wing at an angle such that the frontedge of the wing is a little higher in the direction of flight thanthe back edge of the wing. A & B, together mean the airpressure on the bottom of the wing is higher than the pressure onthe top of the wing. Thus the wing is forced upward.

You can getthe same effect by holding your flat hand out the window of amoving car and tilting the front edge of your hand up or down. Large gliders, in general, can't fly upside down because they donot have engines. They get lift from surrounding air currents whichforce the plane upward by either (a) rising warm air -- called'thermals' or (b) air that is being directed upward by a hill.Gliders can take off at one height and land at a higher elevationif they are near thermals and air moving over hills or mountains. Clouds fly because they are lighter than the air around them. Newton's 3rd Law This one is much less complicated than Bernoulli'sPrinciple. Newton's 3rd Law is defined as: To every action there is alwaysan equal and opposite reaction.